The 14th Amendment declares that "no State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States."

But that is not what we have in place.

To understand the larger picture, representation at the Federal level is not a privilege, the Framers did not make it a privilege at that level. At that level, it is what it is.

Yet representation at the State (and local) levels should be optimized, says the US Constitution.

The word to understand: privilege.

When all are doing the same job, but only 60% is paid for that work and 40% is not, then that work cannot be called out as a privilege.

When all voters are voting, and only 60% gets the representative they selected themselves, then that is not a privilege. When voting, one should receive the requested representation. If that does not happen, then voting is not a privilege.

Thomas Jefferson was the first to devise a clean voting system (proportional voting). The US Constitution says that we should have it in place for local and State elections because it treats voting as a privilege.

Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain, they are all using Thomas Jefferson's clean voting system. They have voting as a privilege. We do not. But we should have it says the foundational document of our nation for State and local levels. It's the law.